05 Sec F (2010-03-19).ppt

小测练 I（开卷） 中文版《分子生物学》315～318页选择题 A 细胞与生物大分子； B 蛋白质结构； C 核酸的性质； D 原核与真核生物的染色体结构； E DNA复制； F 损伤、修复与重组。 每题之后用一句话解释你的选择的正确性：例如说：某页某段课文说……。 That’s all for Section F * 科学家简介9 华中师范大学生科院 杨旭 Section FDNA Damage, Repair and Recombination F1 Mutagenesis (诱变) F2 DNA Damage (损伤) F3 DNA Repair (修复) F4 Recombination (重组) F1 Mutagenesis (诱变) Mutation (突变) Replication Fidelity (复制忠诚性) Chemical mutagens (化学诱变剂) Direct mutagenesis (直接诱变) Indirect mutagenesis (间接诱变) Mutation-I (突变) Definition: Mutations are permanent (永久的), heritable (可遗传的) alteration in the base sequence of DNA. Classification: 1. Point mutation: A single base change, includes: ? transition (转换): one purine (or pyrimidine) is replaced by the other purine (or pyrimidine); ? transversion (颠换): a purine replaces a pyrimidine. 2. Frame-shift (移码) mutation : Insertions or deletions involve the addition (增加) or loss (减少) of one or more bases，and the translated protein sequence to the C-terminal side of the mutation is completely changed. Mutation-II (突变) Phenotypic (表型) effects of mutation: Silent (沉默) mutation: If the mutation is (1) in a non-coding or nonregulatory piece of DNA; (2) in the third position of a codon. Missense (错意) mutation: If the mutation results in an altered amino acid in a gene product, then it is a missense mutation whose effect can vary from nothing to death, depending on the position of the amino acid affected. Consequences of mutation: Tumorigenesis (癌变): Mutations that affect the processes of cell growth and cell death can result in tumorigenesis; Genetic polymorphisms (遗传多态性): The accumulation of many silent and other non-death mutations in populations produces genetic polymorphisms. Replication Fidelity (复制忠诚性) The high accuracy of DNA replication (one error per 1010 bases incorporated) depends on a combination of proper base pairing of template strand and incoming nucleotide in the active site of the DNA polymerase, proofreading of the incorporated base by 3’ ? 5’ ex