二语习第二章.pptVIP

unit2The nature of learner language 1. The early stages A silent period a preparation (greetings requests) Begin to talk two characteristics Learn grammars other questions 2. The order of acquisition Natural order 1.environmental factors 2.internal factors No natural order 1.order of accuracy 2.order of acquisition 3. Sequence of acquisition Transitional constructions U-shaped course of development Restructuring（overgeneralization, reorganization） 4.Implications 1.Learner language changes over time. 2.Some linguistic features are inherently easier. Conclusion Learners naturally learn one feature before another they must necessarily do so. The key point: whether the orders and sequences of acquisition can be altered through formal instruction. Learner language is variable. e.g. one type of error may alternate with another type: Yesterday the thief steal the suitcase. Yesterday the thief stealing the suitcase. or an error may alternate with the correct target-language form: Yesterday the thief steal the suitcase. Yesterday the thief stole the suitcase. It is possible that variability is also systematic. Learners vary in their use of L2 according to: the linguistic context the situation context the psycholinguistic context the linguistic context Definition: In one context they use one form while in other contexts they use alternate forms. the situation context Definition: Learners vary the linguistic forms they use in accordance with the situation. the psycholinguistic context Definition: It is whether learners have the opportunity to plan their production. (time is available or not) It is clear that learners use the target language is strong influenced by the availability of planning time. Learner try to map particular forms on to particular fuction.They try to make the parti