大白菜单体的鉴定及其染色体行为研究.pdfVIP

园 艺 学 报 2012 ，39 （3 ）：561 –566 http: // www. ahs. ac. cn Acta Horticulturae Sinica E-mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com 大白菜单体的鉴定及其染色体行为研究 罗双霞，陈雪平，申书兴* （河北农业大学园艺学院，河北保定 071001 ） 摘 要：以同源四倍体大白菜小孢子植株为材料，采用根尖染色体数鉴定的方法，从 534 个小孢子 植株中筛选出 9 株 2n –1 = 19 的植株，经核型分析和离体繁殖初步获得了 3 号、5 号和 6 号 3 个单体。3 个单体生殖生长期植株和花蕾形态及花粉特征与二倍体差别明显，各单体间花蕾形态差异明显。在减数 分裂终变期或中期Ⅰ，单体染色体主要以单价体的形式存在，后期Ⅰ染色体以 9-10 分离为主。 关键词：大白菜；染色体；单体 中图分类号：S 634.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2012 ）03-0561-06 Identification of Several Monosomics in Chinese Cabbage and Observation of Their Chromosome Behaviors * LUO Shuang-xia ，CHEN Xue-ping，and SHEN Shu-xing （College of Horticulture，Hebei Agricultural University ，Baoding ，Heibei 071001 ，China ） Abstract ：In the present paper，nine 2n –1 = 19 plants were obtained from the 534 microspore plantlets of autotetraploid Chinese cabbage by chromosome number examination ，and then three monosomic lines （mono-3，mono-5 and mono-6 ）were preliminary identified by karyotype analysis and propagation in vitro. The plant and flower bud morphological characters，pollen viability and regularity were significantly different between the three monosomics and diploid. Flower bud type among the three monosomics also occurred markedly difference. The unitary chromosome of the monosomics was mainly existed in an univalent，occasionally formed a trivalent with another pair of homological chromosomes at diakinesis or at metaphase Ⅰ，and the chromosome distribution of the monosomics was mainly 9- 10 at anaphase Ⅰ. Key words ：Chinese cabbage ；chromosome ；monosomic 单体是指比整倍体少一条染色体的个体。单体是用于基因定位和染色体工程育种的重要材料。 在多倍体物种上开展单体研究的很多（Doyle ，1986；穆素梅 等，1994；张惠叶和徐兆飞，1996； Ji Raska ，1997；范友年，2000 ；张香娣 等，2000 ；李振声，2001 ；Irigoyen et al. ，2002