小麦是全球第一大粮食作物，是人类生存和发展的-植物遗传资源学报.docVIP

小麦花药培养后代和杂交后代中高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基变异分析 韩晓峰1,2，叶兴国1,，刘晓蕾1,3，魏亦勤4，杜丽璞1，王 轲2，佘茂云1，樊 明4，晏月明2, （1中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程/农业部作物遗传育种重点实验室，北京 100081；2首都师范大学生命科学学院，北京 100048； 3 北方民族大学生命科学与生物工程学院，银川 750021；4宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所，永宁 750105） 摘要：通过对Alondra、Orofen等5个小麦品种进行花药培养，同时以新春9号、京771、CB037等9个高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成不同的小麦品种相互间配制24个正、反交组合，分析小麦加倍单倍体无性系和品种间杂交后代中高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（High molecular weight glutenin subunits, HMW-GS）变异，探讨利用花药培养和杂交手段改良HMW-GS组成的可能性。SDS电泳分析发现，小麦加倍单倍体无性系中HMW-GS发生了频繁变异，Alondra加倍单倍体中变异率最高（61.8%），Verry加倍单倍体次之（16.7%），均出现了原始材料中所不具备的亚基类型；HMW-GS在部分F1杂种中呈现不完全共显性、亚基表达沉默和正、反交亚基表达不一致现象，宁春4号/CB037、京771/宁春4号2个组合中出现了双亲所不含有的亚基；通过连续自交和对新出现亚基的跟踪选择，获得了表达新亚基的高代株系。研究结果对于改良小麦加工品质，加深了解小麦HMW-GS编码基因的遗传特性、结构特性等具有一定理论意义和实践价值。 关键字：小麦；高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基；花药培养；无性系变异；SDS Composition Variation of High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits in the Doubling Haploids from Anther Culture and the Crossing Hybrids in Wheat HAN Xiao-fen1,2, YE Xing-guo1, LIU Xiao-lei1,3, WEI Yi-qin4, DU Li-pu1, WANG ke2, SHE Mao-yun1, FAN Ming4, and YAN Yue-ming2 (1 Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081; 2 College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048; 3 College of Life Sciences and Biology Engineering, North University for Ethnics, Yinchuan, Ninxia 750021；4 Institute, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Yongning, Ningxia 750105) Abstract: High molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) in the doubling haploids from five stable cultivars and in the twenty-four crossing hybrids between ninet different varieties in common wheat were analyzed by SDSto explore the possibility of improving the subunit compositions by anther culture and commercial crossing. The results f indicated that frequent variation of HMW-GS happened in the doubled haploids with a rate up to 61.8% in the genotypes tested, and several subunits might be new ones which are not present in the corresponding wild types, but need to be identified further. In most F1 hybrids, the expression of all HMW