机车内燃机16V240电控喷油器的研究与开发.docVIP

机车内燃机16V240电控喷油器的研究与开发 Locomotive16V240 electronically controlled internal combustion engine fuel injector research and development 届 学院 专 业 学 号 学生姓名 指导教师 完成日期 年 月日 摘 要 随着科学技术发展和能源危机加重，内燃机不断寻求高效、节能、低排放的可持续的发展途径。现在国际上普遍使用柴油机电控技术及高压共轨技术，其中电控喷油器是其核心喷油部件之一。本课题以机车内燃机16V240为背景，借鉴国外先进技术，分析研发它的电控喷油器。 首先研究了孔式喷油器与轴针式喷油器的结构与工作原理，分析了喷油过程中出现的不正常喷射现象，喷油器在使用过程中可能出现的故障及造成的后果。以博世公司生产的电控喷油器为例研究了它的结构、工作原理。分析高速电磁阀的结构，分析它的开关性能，包括电磁铁的吸合过程、时间，释放过程、时间。其次分析控制系统的电控单元ECU，喷油过程中对喷油量、喷油率、喷油启闭时间的控制。以国外的高压共轨系统为例，研究高压共轨系统对喷油器喷油效率的影响。最后完成对机车内燃机16V240电控喷油器的改进。喷油器主要由电磁阀，平面阀，蓄压腔，控制腔，共轨腔构成；工作时通过控制电磁阀开关，控制进、出油口开启和关闭，改变作用在针阀上的压力，使针阀升程，完成喷油过程。电磁阀开启关闭时刻即喷油器开启关闭时刻，开启时间为喷油时间。 关键字：电控喷油器 电磁阀 高压共轨系统 Abstract With the development of science and technology and the energy crisis worsens, the internal combustion engine is constantly looking for efficient, energy saving, low emission and sustainable development approach. The widespread use of diesel engine electronic control technology and high-pressure common rail technology in the international, electronically controlled fuel injection is one of the core fuel injection parts. Subject to the locomotive internal combustion engine 16V240 advanced foreign technology, analysis and design of its electronically controlled fuel injection. First study the structure and working principle of the hole Injector Pintle injector and injection process is not normal jet phenomenon, injector failures in the process of using the point and the consequences. Expo produced electronically controlled fuel injection device, for example the analysis of its structure and working principle. Analysis of the structure of the high-speed solenoid valve, to analyze the switching performance, including the solenoid pull-in process of time, the release process time. Followed by analysis of the control systems electronic control unit ECU, the fuel injection process, injection volume, injection rate, fuel injection control of the opening and closing time. F