基于单片机的能小车.docVIP

毕 业 设 计 学生姓名 学 号 院 (系) 物理与电子电气工程学院 专 业 电气工程及其自动化 题 目 基于单片机的智能小车 指导教师 2012 年 5 月 摘要：用单片机技术开发智能小车,通过对路面的检测而实现自动前进、左右转弯、后退等基本功能,可以方便的应用于路面的安全巡检。小车的硬件主要包括传感器及调理电路、直流电机及驱动电路、控制器三个部分；软件设计分为三个模块，即数据采集模块、信号处理模块、电机控制模块。此设计结构简单，利用定时器中断控制信号采集频率和电机转速。通过调试和运行，实现了预定功能。 关键词：单片机，传感器，直流电机，自动控制 Abstract： With the single-chip microcomputer technology to develop intelligence car which can realizes the automatic advance, makes a turn, the backlash the basic function and so on through examining the road surface. So it may conveniently apply in the road surface security inspects. The car hardware control unit mainly included three parts: the sensor and its recuperate electric circuit, stepper motors and the actuation electric circuit, the controller, and manufactured the schematic diagram. In the software design aspect, then which divided into three modules: data acquisition module, signal processing module, The controller control electrical machinery module. This design structure is simple, therefore, it controls the signal sampling frequency and the electrical machinery rotational speed with the traditional assembly language programming, using the timer severance. Finally, it basically realized the prearrange function in this design topic through the software and hardware debugging and a try run. Keyword: single-chip microcomputer,sensor,dc-motor,automatic control 目录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558493 1　前言 PAGEREF _Toc325558493 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558494 1.1　设计研究的背景 PAGEREF _Toc325558494 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558495 1.2　开发的意义 PAGEREF _Toc325558495 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558496 1.3 设计研究的方案 PAGEREF _Toc325558496 \h 4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558497 2 系统设计方案 PAGEREF _Toc325558497 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558498 2.1 系统设计原理及框图 PAGEREF _Toc325558498 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558499 2.2 单片机 PAGEREF _Toc325558499 \h 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558500 2.3 控制器选择 PAGEREF _Toc325558500 \h 8 HYPERLINK \l _Toc325558501 2.3.1 供电单元 PAGEREF _Toc325558501 \h 8 HYPE