跨文化交流49219.docVIP

Discourse: some sentences together to express one idea What to analyse? 1. Information structure: 话语按照Given — New information顺序表达信息。 Cohesion coherence 二战后密切跨文化交流时代的出现：全球化现状 New technology and information system Evolving population Natural resources The Environment International conflict Edward Hall 《the silent language》 文化的定义： Culture is learned patterns of behaviour and attitudes shared by a group of people 文化的要素： History, Religion, Values, Social Organizations, Language 文化的特点： Culture is learned. Culture is shared. Culture is based on symbols. Culture is dynamic. Culture is an integrated system. 文化的功能: Culture exists to serve for vital, practical requirements of human life- to structure a society so as to perpetuate the species, to pass on the hard-learned knowledge and experience of generations past and centuries past to the young and inexperienced in order to spare the next generation the costly and dangerous process of learning everything all over again from scratch through trial and error- including fatal errors. 传播的定义： Communication is a symbolic process whereby reality is produced, maintained, repaired and transformed. 传播的特点： Communication is dynamic process. Communication is symbolic, Communication is systemic. Communication involves making inference. Communication has a consequence. The kluckhohns and Strodtbecks Value Orientaions: Human nature Humankind and nature Sense of time Activity Social relationship Hofstedes Value Demensions: Individualism/collectivism Uncertainty Avoidance Masculinity/Femininity Power Distance Long and Short-term orientation 感知的定义: perception is the means by which people make sense of their physical and social world. 影响perception(perception and culture): Perception is selective. Perceptual patterns are learned. 价值观的定义: Value is a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts. 文化价值观的定义: Culture value is the worldview of a culture group and its set of deeply held belief