从虚拟机到云计算.pdfVIP

Webvalley 2010 From virtual machine to the cloud computing What is a Virtual Machine (VM)? An application program is usually bound to a specific platform: ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) + OS What is a Virtual Machine (VM)? • VM eliminates real-hardware constraint • Appearance of a different platform or even multiple platforms • A platform can run programs bounded to a different platform • VM may have an OS or an ISA or both, which can be different from the ones in the real platform VM Classification • There are two types of VM classified in the textbook – Process VM: virtualization of individual processes • E.g., running x86 applications on PowerPC • Wine – System VM: virtualization of complete systems • E.g., running Linux (and its applications) on Windows – Wine, VirtualBox, QEmu ? Process VM • Run executables of different ISA or OS – VM emulates ABI (user-level instructions system calls) – Called runtime Process VM Examples • Digital FX!32 – Run x86 binaries on Alpha • Java Virtual Machine – Run bytecode binaries on x86 The Java Virtual Machine • Own idealized architecture • Stylized machine language • Byte codes • Readily available interpreter CS502 Spring 2006 System VM • Run whole OS(es) executables – VM emulates whole ISA (user-level system-level) – Called VMM System VM Variations Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) • Small special purpose operating system – Interface simulates a CPU – Not a set of system calls, as in a conventional OS – Each process acts like a separate computer or virtual machine –Can run a full OS in each virtual machine • Also called a hypervisor • Each VM also called a partition 8/