学位外语语法---被动语态.pptVIP

被动语态 1、概说 英语语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和宾语之间的关系。 语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。E.g. The cat caught the mouse. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或动作的目标。用于被动语态的动词一般为及物动词。E.g. The mouse was caught by the cat. 2、被动语态的形式： 各种时态形式的to be+及物动词的过去分词。可用于各种时态，较常用的有下列八种。 1) 一般现在时 am/is/are/+过去分词 This room is cleaned everyday. 2）过去一般时 was/were+过去分词 Our house was built in 1999. 3）将来一般时 will be+过去分词 This matter will be looked over soon. 4）现在进行时 am/is/are being+过去分词 This question is being discussed now. 5）过去进行时 was/were being+过去分词 The railway was being repaired. 6）现在完成时 have/has been+过去分词 The book has just been finished today. 7）过去完成时 had been+过去分词 Jim didn’t know the play. He hadn’t been told. 8）将来完成时 will have been+过去分词 The work will have been finished by next week. 3、被动语态的应用 1）不知道动作的实施者是谁，或没必要说明。 The problem is solved. The meeting has been postponed till Friday. 2）强调动作的对象。 The old jacket should be thrown away. My bag was stolen yesterday. 3）为了礼貌等原因不愿意说出行为者. Bill went there but was not welcomed. The dress must be washed in cold water only. It is believed / reported / said that there will be an increase in the salary. 4、相当于及物动词的短语动词的被动语态 Many interesting experiments are carried out in our laboratory. Her mother came, and she is being well taken care of. 5、原有两个宾语的动词的被动语态句 They didn’t offer Ann the job. --- Ann wasn’t offered the job. --- The job wasn’t offered to Ann. 6、含有复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构 I found the room empty. --- The room was found empty. We ask him to go. --- He was asked to go by us. 7、带情态动词的被动语态 George might be sent to America by the company in August. Go away! I want to be left alone. 8、被动语态与过去分词作表语之间的区别 John and Mary were married last year. He is very interested in popular music. He was interested by what I told him. They made him leave the house. ---He was made to leave the house. * * *