学位外语语法---虚拟语气.pptVIP

虚 拟 语 气 语气是以动词的形式表现出来的语法特征，它表示说话人对所说事物的态度。英语的语气有三种： 1、陈述语气 e.g. He is very careful. 2、祈使语气 e.g. Be more careful next time. 3、虚拟语气 e.g. I wish you were more careful. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. 虚拟语气是谓语表示假设、主观愿望、建议、劝告、命令等意义的特殊形式。一般分为两大类： 1、以 if 为非真实条件句 。其表现形式为： （1）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If 从句 主句 动词形式为一般过去时 should / would + 动词原形 e.g. If he had more time now, he would lend his help to the work. （2）与过去事实相反 If 从句 主句 动词的谓语形式为had +过去分词 should/would +have + 过去分词 e.g. If he had had more time before, he would have lent his help to the work. (3) 与将来事实相反 If 从句 主句 were to/should + 动词原形 should/would+动词原形 e.g. If he were to have /should have/have more time tomorrow, he would lend his help to the work. 在条件从句中，如假设的条件不能符合将来实际情况，从句谓语可用动词过去式或should +动词原形或were to +动词原形。这时须注意：should用于各个人称，无论哪种人称都不用would.如： 误：If I would see him tomorrow, I would give the note to him. 正：If I should (were to ) see him tomorrow , I would give the note to him. 省略If 的虚拟条件句: 如果If 虚拟条件句中有should, had 或 were 时, if可以省略，但从句中主谓要倒装。如： If it were to snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. = Were it to snow tomorrow, we would be very happy. 错综虚拟语气: 有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，叫作错综（也称混合）虚拟语气。它要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。 例如： If she had followed the doctor’s advice, she would be quite all right now. (从句说明过去，主句说明现在)  含蓄虚拟语气结构: 有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来，而隐含在某些介词短语（如 without ,but for等）或上下文里，这种句子要用含蓄虚拟结构。 如: But for your help, we wouldn’t have succeeded. 要是没有你的帮助，我们就不会成功了。 （隐含条件是 But for your help = Without your help ） I would not have done it. 我是不会做那件事的。 （条件隐含在上下文里，此句可能含if I were you ） ? 在主语从句中: 虚拟语气用sho