词汇笔记9.docVIP

Chapter 9 English Idioms 英语习语 Idioms: are expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meaning of individual elements. In a broad sense, idiom may include colloquialisms（俗语）, Catchphrases（标语）,slang expressions （俚语）,proverbs（谚语）,etc.They form an important part of the English vocabulary. ? Characteristics of Idioms Semantic unity 语意的整体性 words in the idiom they have lost their individual identity Structural stability结构的稳定性: the constituents要素of idioms cannot be replaced, inverted or changed, deleted or added to, not even an article. The fixity of idiom depends on the idiomaticity.习语性表达习惯 ? Classification of Idioms 1 idioms nominal in nature 名词性习语 (white elephant累赘物) 2 idioms adjectival in nature形容词性习语 （as poor as a church mouse） 3 idioms verbal in nature 动词性习语 （look into） 4 idioms adverbial in nature副词性习语 （tooth and nail 拼命） 5 sentence idioms 句式习语 （never do things by halves） ? Use of idioms:习语的使用 （stylistic features, rhetoric features and their occasional variations） Stylistic features 文体色彩〔colloquialisms（俗语）, slang 俚语,literary expressions〕 The same idiom may show stylistic differences when it is assigned（指派）different meaning ? Rhetorical features 修辞色彩 (phonetic manipulation 语音处理，lexical manipulation and figures of speech) phonetic manipulation 语音处理 : alliteration头韵、 rhyme押韵 lexical manipulation：reiteration（duplication of synonyms同义字重复） [scream and shout] repetition [out and out]、juxtaposition (of antonyms)反义词并列 [here and there] ? figures of speech : Simile（明喻）、Metaphor（隐喻）、Metonymy（换喻）、synecdoche(提喻)、Personification（拟人法）、 Euphemism（委婉词） Variations of idioms习语的变异形式：addition,deletion,replacement,postion-shifting,dismembering(分解)179