大气的组成和构课件.ppt

Atmosphere (air) is: a mixture of gases held to Earth by gravity. Earth’s primary means of transporting energy and moisture over its surface. an insulator and shield . relatively thin Despite its relative shallowness, the atmosphere contains considerable mass: 5.14 X 10E15 kg ? that’s a mass equivalent to 5.65 billion million tons, the amount of water that would fill a lake the size of California to a depth of 13 km (7.7 miles) Atmospheric density decreases with altitude… Atmospheric density decreases with altitude… Atmospheric density decreases with altitude… Atmospheric density decreases with altitude… Atmospheric Composition: Variable Gases 从地面到100千米高度的大气可看为三个部分组成： 干洁大气：不包含水汽的纯净大气 水汽： 气溶胶质粒：悬浮于空气中的液体和固体粒子 Nitrogen is removed from the atmosphere and deposited at the Earths surface mainly by specialized nitrogen fixing bacteria, and by way of lightning through precipitation, supplying much needed nutrition for plant growth Oxygen is exchanged between the atmosphere and life through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration. Greenhouse gas nitrous oxide is now increasing at a rate of 0.2 to 0.3 % per year. Its part in the enhancement of the greenhouse effect is minor relative to the other greenhouse gases already mentioned. However, it does have an important role in the artificial fertilization of ecosystems This stratospheric ozone provides an important service to life on the Earth as it absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation. In recent years, levels of stratospheric ozone have been decreasing due to the buildup of human created chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere. Since the late 1970s, scientists have noticed the development of severe holes in the ozone layer over Antarctica. Satellite measurements have indicated that the zone from 65° North to 65° South latitude has had a 3 % decrease in stratospheric ozone since 1978. Key Points Water vapor varies in concentration in the atmosphere both spatially and temporally Key Points 气溶胶粒子对辐射的吸收和散