细胞增殖周期幻灯片.pptVIP

Medical Biology 第五节 细胞增殖周期 Cell cycle 第五节 细胞增殖周期Cell cycle 一 细胞周期的一些概念 About cell cycle 二 细胞周期各时相的动态及特点 Cell Cycle Characteristics 三 有丝分裂各期的主要特征 What happens during mitotic cell cycle 四 细胞周期的调控Regulation of the Cell Cycle 五 细胞周期与医学Cell Cycle and Medicine Phases of the cell cycle G1 phase: metabolically active and grow S phase: DNA replication . G2 phase : cell growth proteins are synthesized in preparation for mitosis. M phase : separate chromosomes. 二 细胞周期各时相的动态及特点 Cell Cycle Characteristics 间期(Interphase) 合成前期（G1，gap1 phase） 合成期（S，synthetic phase） 合成后期（G2，gap2 phase） 分裂期(Mitosis) 前期(prophase) 中期(metaphase) 后期(anaphase) 末期(telophase) 限制点（restriction point,R点） Structure of a eukaryotic chromosome. The spindle The spindle consists of three kinds of microtubules. Structure and main features of a spindle apparatus. 前期（prophase） 中期（metaphase）： 后期（anaphase） 末期（telophase） 胞质分裂（cytokinesis） Cell Cycle Length Vary by cell type: Embryonic cells Stem cells (e.g., blood cells and epithelial cells) Sperm cells G1 prolonged in stable or permanent cells (called G0) G1 rapid or non-existent in rapidly-dividing cells Cell-Cycle Checkpoints G1 checkpoint In yeast, called start In animal cells, called restriction point G2 checkpoint Located at boundary between G2 and M phase Proper completion of DNA synthesis required before cell can initiate mitosis Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Boundary between metaphase and anaphase All chromosomes must be properly attached to the spindle Extracellular signals : growth factors、nutrients Internal signals : G1 to S : Cdk4 Cdk6 /cyclins D. Cdk2/cyclin E S phase: Cdk2 /cyclin A. G2 to M : Cdc2 /cyclin B. Complexes of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases 细胞周期检测(查)点（Checkpoints in Cell Cycle ） Several chec