第二讲 经典加与密块加密和DES.ppt

Classical Encryption Techniques Classical Encryption Techniques school of computer mengbo mengscuec@ Content Some Basic Terminology Introduction to Symmetric Encryption Conventional encryption scheme Classical Ciphers: Substitution、 Transposition、 Product How to Speak Cryptology A cipher or cryptosystem can be used to encrypt the plaintext The result of encryption is ciphertext We decrypt ciphertext to recover plaintext A key is used to configure a cryptosystem A symmetric key cryptosystem uses the same key to encrypt as to decrypt A public key cryptosystem uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt (sign) Cryptology Basic assumption The system is completely known to the attacker Only the key is secret Also known as Kerckhoffs Principle Crypto algorithms are not secret Why do we make this assumption? Experience has shown that secret algorithms are weak when exposed Secret algorithms never remain secret Better to find weaknesses beforehand Symmetric Encryption Simple Substitution Plaintext: fourscoreandsevenyearsago Key: Block Ciphers and the Data Encryption Standard school of computer mengbo mengscuec@ Substitution Boxes S have eight S-boxes which map 6 to 4 bits each S-box is actually 4 little 4 bit boxes outer bits 1 6 (row bits) select one row of 4 inner bits 2-5 (col bits) are substituted result is 8 lots of 4 bits, or 32 bits Definition of DES S-Boxes DES Key Schedule forms subkeys used in each round initial permutation of the key (PC1) which selects 56-bits in two 28-bit halves 16 stages consisting of: rotating each half separately either 1 or 2 places depending on the key rotation schedule K selecting 24-bits from each half permuting them by PC2 for use in round function F Table Used for DES Key Schedule Calculation DES Decryption decrypt must unwind steps of data computation with Feistel design, do encryption steps again using subkeys in reverse order (SK16 … SK1) IP undoes final FP step of