抗生素概论和合理应用修改--培训课件.pptVIP

* * C. difficile was first described in 1935 by Hall and O’Toole. [Ref. 1 Kelly, p. 375] Although the organism released potent toxins, because it was found in the stool of healthy neonates, it was classified as a commensal and passed into obscurity.[Ref. 1 Kelly, p. 375] Pseudomembranous colitis was first described over a century ago, before the discovery of antibiotics.[Ref. 2: Prendergast, p. 768 Ref. 3: Finney, p53] In the 1960s and 1970s, antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis became a major clinical problem.[Ref. 1 Kelly, p. 376; Ref. 4: Kelly, p. 257; Ref. 5: Settle, p. 1217] I