上气道梗阻-高恒淼指南.pdfVIP

上气道梗阻 (Upper Airway Obstruction, UAO) 首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院急救中心 高恒淼 上气道解剖 Extra-thoracic UA Intra-thoracic UA Upper airway 上气道解剖-儿童特点 Adult Airway Infant Airway Normal Airway Airway with Edema UAO分类  按时间  急性(acute UAO)  慢性(chronic UAO)  按原因  先天性(congenital UAO)  获得性(acquired UAO)  按程度  部分性(partial obstruction)  完全性(completed obstruction) 先天性上气道梗阻(congenital UAO)  后鼻孔闭锁或狭窄（choanal atresia and stenosis ）  鼻腔肿物(nasal mass)  Pierre–Robin序列征( Pierre–Robin sequence)  喉软化(laryngomalacia)  声门上或下囊肿(supraglottic or subglottic cyst)  声带麻痹(vocal cord paralysis)  喉蹼(laryngeal webs)  声门下狭窄(subglottic stenosis)  声门下血管瘤(subglottic hemangiomas)  血管压迫(vascular compression)  气管软化(tracheomalacia) 获得性上气道梗阻(acquired UAO)  感染性(infectious causes)  哮吼(croup)  会厌炎(epiglottitis)  咽后壁和扁桃体周围脓肿(retropharyngeal and peritonsillar abscess)  细菌性气管炎(bacterial tracheitis)  传染性单核细胞增多症(infectious mononucleosis) 获得性上气道梗阻(acquired UAO)  非感染性(non-infectious causes)  异物吸入(foreign-body aspiration)  腺样体肥大(adenoids hypertrophy)  创伤(traumatic causes)  声带麻痹(vocal-cord paralysis)  烧伤或摄入有害物质(thermal injury, caustic ingestions)  气管插管或切开损伤(damage from endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy)  肿瘤(neopl