翻译基础减词法12.pptVIP

第六讲 减词法 翻译中的省略，是指在完整保留原义的前提下，删除一些在译文显得多余甚至影响表达的词语。 为了使译文简洁、流畅，还可以从行文和修辞的角度，适当删除一些翻译过来显得累赘、罗嗦甚至可有可无的词语，同时又能无损于原义的完整性（如逻辑关系和语义衔接）与准确性。 减词一般用于以下两种情况：一是从语法角度进行减省；二是从修饰角度进行减省。 一、 从语法角度进行减省 英汉两种语言在语法上差异较大，例如：英语有冠词，而汉语却没有；英语重形合、连接词较多，汉语重意合、连接词较少；英语中介词丰富，多达280多个，汉语中介词则较少，只有30来个；英语中经常使用代词，尤其是经常使用人称代词、关系代词等，而汉语中代词则用得较少；因此，英译汉时可根据具体情况将冠词、连接词、介词、代词略去，使译文练达晓畅。例如： (1) I know my friends from the feel of their faces. 我通过触摸脸庞来认识朋友 (2) Ice is a solid. If we heat it, it melts and becomes water. 冰是固体，如果加热就会融化成水 (3) John got up very early in the morning. He put on his jacket, sat down at his desk and began to do his homework 这里的他可以省略 (4) But at the present moment the whole road looked rather pretty, for the sun had just set in splendor（壮观）, and the equalities of rent were drowned in a saffron（橘黄的） afterglow（余辉） 此时整条道路上看起来非常漂亮，金灿灿的太阳刚刚落山，房层映在橘黄色的余晖中  (5) He had a shelf there, where he kept his Bohemian papers and his pipes and tobacco, and his shears and needles and thread and tailors thimble. 他有个架子在那边，储存着波西米亚风格的文件，烟管，烟草，剪刀，缝衣针，线和裁缝的大头针。 (6) Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers… 那些极具荣耀的并经常出现在历史课本中的人通常是征服者，将军，和士兵······ (7) The city has a dense manufacturing population. 这个城市有稠密的制造业人口 (8)The products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory. 这些产品在出厂之前应该送去质检。 (9) The mother and the eldest daughter weeded the ridges, passing before the others…A younger son, of twelve years, brought sea sand in a donkey‘s creels（钓鱼用的鱼篓） from a far corner of the field. They mixed the sand with the black clay. The fourth child, still almost an infant, staggered about near his mother, plucking weeds slowly and offering them to his mother as gifts. 妈妈和大女儿在其他人面前除杂草，12岁的年轻一点的儿子从田边一个很远角落将沙子运到跨在驴身上的竹篓中，将泥与沙混在一起，而第四个孩子，应该还是个婴儿，在妈妈旁蹒跚着，笨拙的拔着草并把它们作为献给妈妈的礼物。 (10) Come if you like. 想来就来吧。 (11) As it is late, let us go to bed. 太晚了，我们睡觉吧。