税务规划(32页).pptVIP

Tax Planning TAX PLANNING Tax planning in the tax practice Fundamental tenets Tax rate terminology Tax planning goals Avoiding tax traps Tax motivated loans Tax Planning in the Tax Practice(1 of 2) Client goals must be broadly stated Practitioner can be more creative High degree of control in open fact patterns Tax Planning in the Tax Practice(2 of 2) Types of tax wealth planning Tax Cash Risk Education Retirement Investment Estate Fundamental Tenets Taxes are an additional cost of doing business or accumulating wealth Incentives for tax planning Fed. income tax not deductible Full amount of tax saved increases after-tax income (tax savings not taxable) Tax planning is deductible ATC = BTC x (1-MTR) Tax Rate Terminology Tax liabilities should meet revenue nonrevenue objectives of the tax system. Tax Liability = Tax Base x Tax Rate Tax Base(1 of 2) Income tax Based on ordinary taxable income less deductions for business certain personal expenditures Reflects capacity to support government finance Tax Base(2 of 2) Wealth taxes Levies against net holdings of tangible (or intangible) assets that are controlled by a taxpayer at a given time Also reflects capacity to support government finance Tax Rates Tax rate structures Proportional Progressive Regressive Types of tax rates Marginal Average Proportional Tax Rate Tax rate is constant for the entire tax base e.g., sales property taxes Progressive Tax Rate Tax rate increases as tax base increases Additional income taxed at increasingly higher rates e.g., income, estate gift taxes Regressive Tax Rate Tax rate decreases as tax base increases Additional income taxed at increasingly lower rates Social security tax Social security tax (0% over $80,400 in 2001). Marginal Tax Rate Used in decision-making analysis Nominal marginal tax rate Tax rate on next dollar of income per the tax rate schedules Effective marginal tax rate Actual tax rate on next dollar of income after accounting