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Downloaded from on June 16, 2017 - Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press CA3 and Memory/Review Using immediate-early genes to map hippocampal subregional functions Stepan Kubik,1,2,3 Teiko Miyashita,1 and John F. Guzowski1,3 1Department of Neurobiology and Behavior Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3800, USA; 2Department of Neurophysiology of Memory, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic Different functions have been suggested for the hippocampus and its subdivisions along both transversal and longitudinal axes. Expression of immediate-early genes (IEGs) has been used to map specific functions onto neuronal activity in different areas of the brain including the hippocampus (IEG imaging). Here we review IEG studies on hippocampal functional dissociations with a particular focus on the CA3 subregion. We first discuss the cellular functions of IEGs and the brain system interactions that govern their dynamic expression in hippocampal neurons to provide a more solid framework for interpreting the findings from IEG studies. We show the pitfalls and shortcomings of conventional IEG imaging studies and describe advanced methods using IEGs for imaging of neuronal activity or functional intervention. We review the current IEG evidence of hippocampal function, subregional-specific contribution to different stages of memory formation, systems consolidation, functional dissociation between memory and anxiety/behavioral inhibition along the septotemporal axis, and different neural network properties of hippocampal subregions. In total, IEG studies provide support for (1) the role of the hipp