定语从句完全解析.pptVIP

* * （一）定义及相关术语 1.定语从句： 修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2.先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3.关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有: that, which, who, whom, whose, as等 关系副词有: when, where, why 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A.引导定语从句； B.代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 The house which is by the lake looks nice. 4．that 指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 5. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 He has a friend whose father is a doctor. （三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous. The school in which he once studied is very famous. 注意： 1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. ２.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. ３.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , few 等代词或者数词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. （四）关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 Shanghai is the city where I was born. 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 From the years when / in which he was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up. （五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 A.限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。用逗