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不同媒介中的参量阵近场声场研究 李中政1,2,3，方尔正1,2 (1. 哈尔滨工程大学水声技术重点实验室，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001； 2. 哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150001；3. 海军92198部队，辽宁兴城 125100) 摘要：在众多描述非线性声波传播的理论模型中，KZK方程能够准确地描述有限振幅声波传播的衍射、吸收及非线性效应，对求解参量阵近场声场有着明显的优势，因而成为描述非线性声场最为精确的方程之一。从KZK方程的频域求解出发，利用二阶对角隐式龙哥库塔法(second-order Diagonal Implicit Runge-Kutta, DIRK2)和Crank-Nicolson有限差分法(Crank-Nicolson Finite Difference, CNFD)相结合的有限差分算法，对在不同媒介中传播的参量阵近场声场特性进行研究，旨在对参量阵能量累积过程有进一步的理解，为参量阵转换效率的提高提供初步的探索，为参量阵的进一步工程应用提供相应的理论指导。 关键词：参量阵；近场声场；KZK方程；传播媒介 中图分类号：TB551 文献标识码：A Research on the parametric array’s near-field acoustic characteristics in different mediums LI Zhong-zheng1,2,3, FANG Er-zheng1,2 (1. Acoustic Science and Technology Laboratory, Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China; 2. College of Underwater Acoustics Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China;3. Unit 92198 of Naval, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China) Abstract: In numerous theoretical models of describing the nonlinear acoustic wave propagation, the KZK equation can accurately describe diffraction, absorption and the nonlinear propagation effects of finite amplitude sound beam, thus becomes one of the most accurate equation describing nonlinear ultrasonic field. In this paper, based on the frequency domain solution of the KZK equation, using second-order Diagonal Implicit Runge-Kutta(DIRK2) method and the Crank-Nicolson Finite Difference(CNFD) method of finite difference algorithm, the near-field acoustic characteristics of the parametric array in different propagation mediums are studied, the results of this paper may provide the corresponding theoretical basis for further engineering application. Key words: the parametric array; acoustic characteristics of the near-field; KZK equation; propagation medium.  0 引 言 参量阵具有低频、宽带、高指向性及低旁瓣的优点，广泛应用于鱼群探测、掩埋水雷探测、海底环境监测、水下通信等水声工程领域[1-3] 。与此同时，参量阵的转换效率很低，严重限制了参量阵的进一步工程应用。观察描述参量阵的Westervelt理论模型可知，参量阵的功率转换效率与传播媒介的密度、声波传播速度、非线性参量以及声吸收系数息息相关[2]。恰当选择参量阵传播媒介，可以有效提高转换效率。