抗感染抗体的.pptVIP

抗感染单抗药物 研究与开发 ;免疫系统是人体健康的防线，用以抵御细菌和其他微生物的侵袭，其中免疫球蛋白（抗体）在免疫保护中发挥重要作用。机体在病毒和细菌感染中以及感染后都将产生特异性抗体，该抗体可以与刺激它们产生的抗原决定簇发生特异性反应，具有重要的抗感染作用。;Active immunization. Traditional vaccines work by exposing patients to immunogens from infectious agents, prompting their immune systems to produce a range of anti-pathogen (polyclonal) antibodies. This approach is ideal for healthy populations, but works less well in immunocompromised patients or in patients whose infections take hold before the vaccine has a chance to work. Passive immunization. Polyclonal antibodies or mAbs are infused directly into patients’ blood, where they bind to the pathogen and render it harmless by activating complement, encouraging phagocytosis, or inducing other mechanisms of antibody-mediated immunity. The antibodies can be administered both to people who are likely to be exposed to a pathogen as well as to patients with active infections. Though passive immunization generally uses preparations of polyclonal antibodies collected from human volunteers, monoclonal antibodies should (theoretically) work.;年代 获奖者 获奖原因 1901 Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov（俄） 埃米尔·阿道夫·冯·贝林（德） 利用血清疗法治疗白喉 1908 Paul Ehrlich（德） 关于免疫方面的研究 1972 杰拉尔德·埃德尔曼（美） Rodney R. Porter（英） 发现抗体的化学结构 1984 尼尔斯·杰尼（丹麦） 乔治·科勒（德） 关于免疫控制机制理论 色萨·米尔斯坦（英） 及开发制备单克隆抗体;“The Pharmacy of the Future 1901”;排名;排名;美国FDA已经批准或即将批准的治疗性抗体药物;2000;2007;Selected antibody therapies in clinical development against pathogens;Antimicrobial therapy Two phenomenons 1. drug resistance 2. host toxicity All microbes express specific antigens;1. reduction in the antibiotic dose 2. lower side effects on the host cells 3. increase in effectiveness and potency of treatment 4. quick and faster onset of action 5. neutralisation 6. opsonization 7. complement activation 8. the enhancement of host immune function;Anticandid