倒装 inversion.ppt

倒装 inversion 语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语序（Natural Order）；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（Inverted Order）。 倒装：完全倒装（Full Inversion）和部分倒装（Partial Inversion） 一、完全倒装（Full Inversion） 又称全部倒装,是指将句子中的谓语全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。 1.地点副词here, there, away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。 Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. There goes the bell. The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 注意：若主语为代词，则不能完全倒装 Here I am. Here it comes. Away he went. 2.表示地点的状语或表语位于句首时的倒装 为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装: By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. Among these people was his friend Jim. 3. 分词和不定式置于句首的时候倒装 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装： Buried in the sands was an ancient village. Standing beside the table was his wife. To be carefully considered are the following questions. 二、部分倒装（Partial Inversion） 指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前,而谓语动词无变化。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 1. 含否定意义的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。 Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night . Hardly does she have time to listen to music. Never have I seen read such a book. No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 2. 含有 no 的短语置于句首时也要倒装。（该类短语一般表示“不，绝不”等意思，如in no way, by no means, in no case, at no time, under/in no circumstances, on no condition等） By no means should you tell him about it. In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him. In no case should we be dishonest. 注意：in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem. 3.only 加状语(副词 / 介词短语 / 从句)放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。 Only in this way can you do it well. Only then did he realize that he was wrong. Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 4. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式。so用于肯定句中, neither/nor用于否定句。 He can sing English songs, and so can I. He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. She hasn’t read it, and n