钻头冠部形状对破岩效果的影响 - 石油勘探与开发.pdf

2017 6 PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT Vol.44 No.3 1 文章编号：1000-0747(2017)03-0000-08 DOI: 10.11698/PED.2017.03.00 钻头冠部形状对破岩效果的影响 HEYDARSHAHY Seyed Ali ，KAREKAL Shivakumar （School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, EIS Faculty, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia ） 摘要：用有限元方法模拟了不同形状钻头的破岩效果，研究了地层应力分布及裂缝延伸模式。按照国际钻井商协会 （IADC ）分类标准设计了 14 种钻头形状。设计了地层模型，给出了钻头尺寸、地层性质、网格划分方法和边界条 件等。采用拟静态条件和质量缩放法以减少模拟时间、提高模拟精度。模拟结果表明，对于 9 种常用钻头形状，增 加锥体高度高应力区面积会增大，而保径高度与产生的应力之间没有明显关系。减小保径高度，高应力区从鼻端和 中心部位转移到保径区。对于非常用钻头形状，凸形钻头产生的应力场较大，双心钻头导眼体底部应力较集中。裂 缝主要产生在保径区和鼻端，锥体高度和保径高度较大的钻头产生的垂直裂缝较长。使用平形和凸形钻头时没有产 生较长的垂直裂缝。双心钻头可抑制保径区的垂直裂缝，却使地层更易出现水平裂缝，有中间段扩眼器的钻头造成 的井壁损伤更小。图10 表3 参 12 石油勘探与开发 关键词：PDC 钻头；钻头形状；破岩效果；有限元方法；数值模拟 中图分类号：TE921 文献标识码：A Influences of bit profiles on possible fracture modes HEYDARSHAHY Seyed Ali, KAREKAL Shivakumar (School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering , EIS Faculty , University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia ) Abstract: The influence of different bit profiles on possible fracture modes was investigated using Finite Element Method. The International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) classification was used to design 14 types of profiles. The formation model was built, with given bit size, formation properties, meshing method and boundary conditions, etc. Moreover, the pseudo-static state and mass scaling were used to reduce the simulation time and increase the simulation accuracy. The simulation results showed that, for 9 common profiles, larger cone height led to larger area of high stress zone, and the gauge height was not apparently related to the stress generated. When the gauge height decreased, the high stress zone turned from the nose and center to t