八级听力讲义(何兆雄).doc

1. Requirements of note-taking (1) No more than 3 words are needed for one blank (2) The word (s) filled in the blank should be grammatically correct in the sentence. (3) Only content words should be filled in the blank (i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) (4) At least one blank needs summarizing (the specific word cannot be found in the passage) 2. Structure of a note-taking passage: (1) Introduction (2) Main Point/Problems (3) Illustration of the main point /solution to the problem (with several sub-items) (4) Conclusion 3. How-to (1) concentration (2) arrange the note in an outline format with the help of SIGNAL WORDS, i.e. I. II. 1. 2. 3. a. b. c. III. Some SIGNAL WORDS: firstly/secondly, furthermore, moreover, what’s more, nonetheless, then, nevertheless, because/as/for, so, therefore, hence, but, however, also, for example, of course (3) Decide what is the most important (depending on your reading experience) (4) Write down content words ONLY (5) Abbreviate (6) Use symbols suitable to you Recommended methods: This, these: — Because, as, for :∵ So, therefore, hence: ∴ Cause-effect/sequential relationship: → Rise, increase: ↗ Fall, decrease: ↘ Affirmation-negation/comparative relationship: ∨ vs. ×. (7) Re-organize the note so that the points come together logically and coherently DO NOT neglect this step！  Test 1 Signal words: seminar paper, techniques, two I. introduction: seminar, techniques present paper II. (1) 2 main stages a. (one) preparation →researching and writing topic b. (other stage) presentation →present paper audience → my concern ↓ (2) how to present 2 ways: a. (first method): circulate copies in advance → participants→ time to read→ ideas b. (second method): no time for previous circu./other reason not circu., → read aloud → group (3) concentrate on method 1, reason: most efficient Introduce paper though circu. beforehand