反义词的特点.ppt

组员：何梦娟 杨光秀 刘丽娜 陈华芳 令狐婷 余茜 Contents Explanation Types of antonyms Characteristics of antonyms What is Antonymy? Antonymys are words with oppsite or nearly oppsite meanings. Types of antonyms There are two types of antonyms according to morphology and semantics: (1) Morphologocal classification 1) Root antonyms clear—— vague large—— small 2) Derivative antonyms pleasant—— unpleasant polite—— impolite formal—— informal Types of antonyms Semantic classification 1) Contraries 2) Complementaries 3) Conversives Characteristics of antonyms Relativity （相对性） One of them is compared with the other so that they can exist. These two opposites can not be established without the respective comparison. Eg : big vs small John’s house is big and Mary’s house is small. John’s house is bigger than Mary’s. They have comparative class and superlative class and be modified by the adverb “very”. Characteristics of antonyms Gradability （渐进性） Intermediate polar opposites can be inserted words represent different degrees of nature, reflecting the level of opposition Words which represent different degrees of nature can be inserted into the polar opposites. It reflects the level of opposition Eg:beautiful-pretty- good-looking-plain-ugly love-attachment- liking- indifference- antipathy- hate Characteristics of antonyms Complementary (互补性) The characteristics of the complementary only exists in complementaries antonyms ,which proposed by John Lyons.This kind of antonyms are usually only composed of two words with mutually exclusive meaning,and each group of antonyms and its meaning is limited to two.And it also cannot be compare, nor is modified by degree adverbs (very).The characteristic of it is that the denial of one means the assertion of the other or vice versa.Or on an affirmation, means no to another. Just like good and bad: If we say:John is good. It means:John is not bad. But,if we say:John is not good.it does not mean:John is bad. It just could explain by th