国外组织行为学课件 皮尔森 ch03.ppt

Learning Objectives Define perception and discuss some of the general factors that influence perception. Explain social identity theory and Bruner’s model of the perceptual process. Describe the main biases in person perception. Describe how people form attributions about the causes of behaviour. Discuss various biases in attribution. Learning Objectives (continued) Discuss the concepts of workforce diversity and valuing diversity. Discuss how racial, ethnic, gender, and age stereotypes affect organizational behaviour and what organizations can do to manage diversity. Learning Objectives (continued) Define trust perceptions and perceived organizational support and describe organizational support theory. Discuss person perception and perceptual biases in human resources. What Is Perception? The process of interpreting the messages of our senses to provide order and meaning to the environment. People base their actions on the interpretation of reality that their perceptual system provides, rather than on reality itself. Components of Perception Perception has three components: A perceiver A target that is being perceived Some situational context in which the perception is occurring Each component influences the perceiver’s impression or interpretation of the target. Factors that Influence Perception The Perceiver Past experiences lead the perceiver to develop expectations that affect current perceptions. Needs unconsciously influence perceptions by causing us to perceive what we wish to perceive. Emotions, such as anger, happiness, or fear, can influence our perceptions. Perceptual Defence The tendency for the perceptual system to defend the perceiver against unpleasant emotions. People often “see what they want to see” and “hear what they want to hear.” Our perceptual system works to ensure we do not see or hear things that are threatening. The Target Ambiguous targets are especially susceptible to interpretation and the addition of meaning. Perceivers have a nee