陈志贤----名词性从句.doc

名词性从句 语法功能：在句中相当于名词，可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，所以出现了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 作及物动词宾语 作介词宾语 that一般不省略 可以省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 一般不省略 放于句首时只用whether 用whether/if均可，但有区别 只用whether 只用whether 只用whether h-ever 注意要用陈述语序 1.宾语从句 语法功能：在句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。1） 连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。3）连接词：that, whether, if, as if。 that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；as if（好象）虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun. The guard of meeting insisted (that) everybody should obey the rules. Most scientists agree (that) global warming is a serious problem. 介词、关系词、从属连词引导的宾语从句 A．介词 作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except, but, in, besides后 The reason lies in that she works harder than others do. He is a good student except that he is careless. He is a good student except he doesn’t hand in his homework sometimes. The two cities are similar in that it rains a lot in summer. 还有一些介词的宾语从句须由that引导，但要置于形式宾语it之后 See to it that(请注意要;记得...;别忘记...You can depend on it that we will be ready to help you whenever you are in trouble. You may rely on it that I shall help you. See to it that you are ready on time. B．从属连词if/whether if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用，但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用，另外，作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句 He was interested in whether he saw her there. I doubt whether he will succeed/I don’t know if you can help me. 如果宾语从句是否定时，一般用if引导 I care if he will not attend the meeting. 注：由doubt和doubtful引导的宾语从句，主句为肯定，从句用whether和if引导；主句为否定或疑问句时，从句用that引导 You can complain, but I doubt if it will make difference. There is no doubt that he was responsible for the accident. It is doubtful whether the patient would survive the operation. C. 关系词 Are you sorry for what youve done? I’ll tell you why I asked you to come/You may do what you will. He was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. I walked over to where she sat/ I am curious as to what he will say. Your success will largely depend upon what you d