常德市水体污染现状及防治对策.doc

常德市水体污染现状及防治对策 　　摘 要：通过踏查法对常德市河流、池塘、水库和地下水进行随机抽样调查，采用样方法对常德市水体的透明度、pH值、电导、浊度、溶解氧、总磷、总氮、化学耗氧量、五日生化需氧量等水质进行取样检测，对造成水体污染的主要因素进行了分析，并在此基础上提出了水体污染防治对策建议。调查结果表明：全市34%的河流水体受到污染，83%的池塘水体受到污染，5%的水库受到污染，地下水没有发现异常。造成常德市水体污染的主要因素包括工业污染、养殖污染、农业生产品污染、生活污水污染、医用废弃品污染以及尾矿污染。污染水体水质检测结果表明：水体pH值升高、水体透明度减小，浊度增加，电导增加，总氮、总磷含量较高，水中溶解氧含量降低，化学耗氧量、生化需氧量升高 关键词：常德市 水体污染现状 防治对策 中图分类号：X523 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-098X（2017）03（a）-0092-04 Abstract：The pollution situation of water resource were be investigated in Changde City. The rivers， ponds， reservoirs and groundwater were randomly sampled by survey method， and the main water quality parameters of SD，pH value，Conductivity， Turbidity， DO，T-P， T-N， COD and BOD were studied by sample method. The main factors causing water pollution were analyzed， and the countermeasures of water pollution control were put forward. The results show that there was 34% of the rivers and 83% of the ponds and 5% of reservoirs were polluted， and there was no pollution of the groundwater in Changde City. The main factors that cause the water pollution in Changde City were industrial pollution， aquaculture pollution， rural pollution from non-point， rural sewage pollution， medical waste pollution， contaminated by abandoned tailings. The testing results of quality in polluted water show that the pH was elevated and the SD was decreased and the Conductivity was elevated and the Turbidity was elevated， and the T-P and T-N was higher and the DO was decreased and the COD and BOD was increased. Key Words：Changde City；Water pollution situation；Control countermeasures 2015年全国“两会”对水环境治理给予了高度重视，认为水是生命之源、生产之要、生态之基，治理水污染刻不容缓。2015年4月16日，国务院正式颁发《水污染防治行动计划》（简称“水十条”），全方位强调水污染治理，并对节约用水、水费、污水处理费以及环保税立法等进行了阐述 常德市?对水体污染现状，制定了水资源保护的相关制度、实施方案、考核办法，完成了水功能区划，明确了水资源管理“三条红线”指标体系和水资源使用“四项目标”控制目标，并通过严格水资源论证、严格实施取水许可、加快推进节水技术改造、加强入河排污口监督管理、全面推进河道环境保护工程、全面推进水资源监控体系建设、切实加强饮用水源地保护、全面推进饮水安全工程、全面推进清洁生产和清洁生活等一系列措施保护、改善和治理水资源，取得了显著成效 然而，随着工业、农业、畜牧养殖业的飞速发展，农药化肥的大量施用和生活垃圾的不当处理，地质、地形条件，以及经济状况等因素，常德市水