韲敄慰瑲敭瑮漠敇杯慲桰-GettingtheMapintothe.pptVIP

Getting the Map into the Computer Getting Started with Geographic Information Systems Chapter 4 Data requirements and sources Most economic uses of geographic data require: cartographic data publicly available demographic and economic data privately available data proprietary data GIS cartographic data can be Purchased. Found from existing sources in digital form. Captured from analog maps by GEOCODING. GIS attribute data can be Purchased Found digitally or on maps Proprietary, in digital or non-spatial form GEOCODING ADDRESS MATCHING Address matching Much customer, vendor, or facilities data are available by street address, or at least ZIP Code. The spatial data handling functions of most GISs can assist with address matching into a spatial database, given required data. There are always problems. Commercial vendors Finding Existing Map Data Map libraries Reference books State and local agencies Federal agencies Commercial data suppliers Federal Data Agencies USGS NOAA Census Bureau many more... National Spatial Data Clearinghouse U.S. Bureau of the Census Your Spatial Data “Rights” US Federal FOIA COFUR State Local Protection for national security, proprietary info, privacy Attributes vs. map data GEOCODING Geocoding is the conversion of spatial information into digital form. Geocoding involves capturing the map, and sometimes also capturing the attributes. Geocoding methods for maps Digitizing Scanning Field Data Collection GEOCODING LEAVES A “STAMP” ON DATA The method of geocoding can influence the structure and error associated with the spatial information which results. Example: scanning (raster), digitizing (vector). Digitizing Captures map data by tracing lines from a map by hand Uses a cursor and an electronically-sensitive tablet Result is a string of points with (x, y) values The Digitizing Tablet Selecting points to digitize Scanning Places a map on a glass plate, and passes a light beam over it Measures the reflected light intensity Result is