批判性思维第一章.pptx

Chapter 1 Critical thinking basics 第一章 批判性思维基础; Chapter 1 Critical thinking basics 第一章 批判性思维基础; Lacking of critical thinking 缺乏批判性思维 1) Had our folks in Butte City taken some obvious relevant factors into consideration, they might have opened a business with a better chance of success. 2) If our gurusmitten Atlantans had thought about how bizarre the claim is that staring at the sun can bring clarity of thought, they might have saved their retinas. 3) Had the man bagging marijuana was one with a modest level of critical thinking, he would have closed the garage door before doing his mischief. 4) If Ross had known about the fallacy of post hoc, perhaps he would not have reached his conclusion about Vicks VapoRub. 5) If Ms. Nowak had considered the likely consequences of her actions, she might not have set out on her nine-hundred-mile drive. ; Important skills in critical thinking; Important skills in critical thinking; ■ spot deception and holes in the arguments of others; 洞察他人论证的陷阱和漏洞 ■ present his /her own analysis of the data or information; 独立分析数据或信息 ■ recognize logical flaws in arguments; 识别论证的逻辑错误 ■ draw connections between discrete sources of data and information; 发现信息及其来源之间的联系 ; ■ attend to contradictory, inadequate, or ambiguous information; 处理矛盾的、不充分的、模糊的信息 ■ construct cogent arguments rooted in data rather than opinion; 基于数据而不是观点建立令人信服的论证 ■ select the strongest set of supporting data; 选择支持力强的数据 ■ avoid overstated conclusions; 避免言过其实的结论 ;■ identify holes in the evidence and suggest additional information to collect; 识别证据的漏洞并建议收集其它信息 ■ recognize that a problem may have no clear answer or single solution; 知道问题往往没有明确答案或唯一解决办法 ■ propose other options and weigh them in the decision; 提出替代方案并在决策时予以考虑 ■ consider all stakeholders or affected parties in suggesting a course of action; 采取行动时考虑所有利益相关的主体 ■articulate the argument and the context for that arg