信息科学与电子工程专业英语(王朔中).ppt

* 20 If a signal is not sampled at a sufficiently high rate, a phenomenon known as aliasing results. This concept results in a frequency being mistaken for an entirely different frequency upon recovery. For example, suppose a signal with frequencies ranging from dc to 5 kHz is sampled at a rate of 6 kHz, which is clearly too low to ensure recovery. If recovery is attempted, a component of the original signal at 5 kHz now appears to be at 1 kHz, resulting in an erroneous signal. 混叠会导致在恢复时一个频率被误作为完全不同的频率 * 20 A common example of this phenomenon is one we will call the wagon wheel effect, probably noticed by the reader in western movies as the phenomenon in which the wheels appear to be rotating backwards.9 一个普通例子就是我们称之为“车轮效应”的现象，就是读者在西部电影中也许注意到的车轮看起来向后转动的情况。 * 20 Since each individual frame of a film is equivalent to a discrete sampling operation, if the rate of spokes passing a given angle is too large for a given movie frame rate, the wheels appear to be turning either backwards or at a very slow speed.10 因为影片的每一帧相当于一次离散的采样，如果相对于电影帧频而言轮辐越过的给定角度过大，轮子看起来就会向后转动或以很慢的速度转动。 * 20 The effect of a presampling filter removes the possibility that a spurious signal whose frequency is too high for the system will be mistaken for one in the proper frequency range.11 采样前预滤波消除了这种对系统而言频率过高的伪信号被错误地当作适当频率范围内的另一信号的可能性。 * 21 With respect to the quantization error, it can be seen that the error can be made as small as one chooses if the number of bits can be made arbitrarily large. Of course, there is a practical maximum limit, so it is necessary to tolerate some error from this phenomenon. Even in continuous-time systems, there may be noise present which would introduce uncertainty in the actual magnitude. In fact, the uncertainty present in the digital sampling process is called quantization noise. 如果使用任意多的比特数，可使误差任意小 * 22 Let Emax and Emin represent the maximum and minimum values of the signal, and let q represent the vertical distance between successive quantum levels. Using n and