04_C+++Basics+Ⅱ 重大c++.pptVIP

* Operations on strings The functions which deal with the characters of a string are defined in the cctype header. isdigit(c) isalpha(c) isalnum(c) islower(c) isupper(c) isspace(c) isprint(c) isgraph(c) ispunct(c) iscntrl(c) tolower(c) toupper(c) Returns true if c is a digit Returns true if c is a letter Returns true if c is a letter or a digit Returns true if c is a lowercase letter Returns true if c is a uppercase letter Returns true if c is a whitespace character Returns true if c is a printable character occupies space on the device Returns true if c is a printable character excluding ‘ ‘ Returns true if c is a punctuation character Returns true if c is a control character ‘\n’, ‘\f’, ‘\v’, ‘\a’, and ‘\b’ If c is an uppercase letter, returns its lowercase equivalent If c is a lowercase letter, returns its uppercase equivalent * Questions??? What does the following program do? Is it valid? If not, why not? string s; couts[0]endl; * Library vector Type A vector is a collection of objects of a single type. We speak of a vector as a container because it contains other objects. All of the objects in a container must have the same type. #include vectorusing std::vector; A vector is a class template. * Library vector Type In the case of vector, we must say what type of objects the vector will contain. vectorint ivec; vectorSale_item Sale_vec; vector is not a type; it is a template. vectorint and vectorstring are types. * Defining and Initializing vectors Ways to initialize a vector VectorT v1; vector that holds objects of type T; v1 is empty vectorT v2(v1); v2 is a copy of v1 VectorT v3(n, i); v3 has n elements with value i VectorT v4(n); v4 has n copies of a value- initialized object For example: vectorint ivec4(10, -1); vectorstring svec(10, “hi!”); * Defining and Initializing vectors When we do not specify an element initializer, then the library creates a value initialized element initializer for us: If the vector holds elements of a built-in type,