微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响进展.docVIP

微生物土壤改良剂对烟草生长及耕层环境的影响研究进展 摘要：烟草是重要的叶用经济作物,烟株的生长状态和健康状况对烟叶产量和质量至关重要,而土壤环境是影响烟草生长的重要因素之一。微生物土壤改良剂是近年来发展起来的混合改良剂,由于其在改善土壤物理性质、活化土壤中矿质养分、改善植物营养水平、提高土壤中有益微生物和酶活性、抑制病原微生物,增强植物的抗病性及抗逆性( 抗旱、耐盐、抗酸等)等方面的突出功能,迅速在农田生态系统中得到广泛应用[1]。在烤烟生产中，由于长期施用化肥而导致土壤板结，保水性差，磷钾肥及微量元素等养分的利用效率下降，从而破坏了烤烟生长所需的营养平衡，烟叶的产量和品质得不到保证[2]。因此，在烤烟生产上科学合理的运用生物土壤改良剂显得尤为重要。 关键词： 微生物 土壤改良剂 烟草生长 耕层环境 Abstrct:Tobacco is important in economic crops, the growth status of tobacco plant and health is very important to yield and quality of tobacco leaves, and the soil environment is one of the important factors that affect the growth of tobacco.Microbial soil conditioner is improver developed in recent years, due to its in improving soil physical properties, activated mineral nutrients in the soil, and improve plant nutrition, improve soil beneficial microbes and enzyme activity and inhibition of pathogenic microorganisms, enhance plant disease resistance and resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, acid resistance, etc.) of prominent features, quickly is widely used in the farmland ecosystem.In flue-cured tobacco production, due to long-term use of chemical fertilizers and soil harden and poor water retention, under phosphorus and trace elements such as nutrient use efficiency of , which destroyed the required the nutritional balance of flue-cured tobacco growth, yield and quality of tobacco leaves not guaranteed.Therefore, in the scientific and reasonable use of biological soil conditioner on flue-cured tobacco production is particularly important. Keywords：microbial; soil conditioner; tobacco growth ; top layer environment 1微生物土壤改良剂 1.1微生物土壤改良剂的作用 土壤改良剂能有效改善土壤理化性状和土壤养分状况,并对土壤微生物产生积极影响, 是修复退化土壤, 提高土壤持续生产力的重要措施之一[3]。 微生物土壤改良剂是近年来发展起来的混合改良剂,其在改善土壤物理性质、活化土壤中矿质养分、改善植物营养水平、提高土壤中有益微生物和酶活性、抑制病原微生物,增强植物的抗病性及抗逆性( 抗旱、耐盐、抗酸等)有突出功效。 宋日等的研究表明,土壤中施入微生物土壤改良剂，既能改善根际微生态环境，增加微生物数量，促进根系生长和对养分的吸收，又能改变土壤微生物区系， 增强生物抗病性[4]。也有研究表明,若从病害的原位土壤中分离筛选出对病原菌具有拮抗效果的微生物制成微生物有机肥来防治土传病害，在防病的同时还可以改善和修复土壤生态环境，减少化肥和农药的使用，实现烟草生产的可持续发展[5]。此外，土壤改良剂