第7-3章微生物学(赵立平).pdfVIP

Lecture 7-3 Principles of Microbial Molecular Biology Chapter 7 in BROCK BIOLOGY OF MICROORGANISMS School of Life Science and Technology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University IV. mRNA Transcription Why do we need a messenger RNA? • The genetic information needs to be read “one sentence at a time”, just like we speak in sentences. Genes are “sentences” in genetic information • Protein synthesis takes place away from where chromosome exists Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Jiao Tong University 7.7 Overview of transcription 7.7.1 RNA polymerase RNA polymerase requires DNA as a template Direction: 5’ ⇒3’. Do not need primer: RNA polymerase can start chains Triphosphate-containing: The initial nucleotide in an RNA retains 3 phosphate The first base in the RNA is always a purine. FLASH 1 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Steps in RNA synthesis 1: Initiation Shanghai Jiao Tong University The initiation and termination sites are specific nucleotide sequences on the DNA.初始化位点与终止点为特定序列 The sigma factor allows RNA polymerase to recognize the initiation site (the promoter). 启动子的识别 Shanghai Jiao Tong University Steps in RNA synthesis 2: elongation Shanghai Jiao Tong University The sigma factor is released during elongation. Elongation: RNA polymerase moves down the DNA chain, causing temporary