第三讲 古代中外政的治、经济思想文化.ppt

专题一　 古代中外政治、经济与思想文化;第3讲　 古代中国的主流思想、科技与文学艺术;;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;2．完善与独尊：西汉时期：董仲舒提出“罢黜百家，独尊儒术”，汉武帝独尊儒术、兴办太学，使儒家思想成为封建社会的正统思想。 3．吸收与改造：魏晋至隋唐：儒、佛、道纷争与融合，儒家思想体现出极大的包容性，进一步被官方所接受。;4．转型与成熟：宋明时期：程朱理学(天理、心性、修养)出现，朱熹提出“存天理，灭人欲”，进一步形成封建伦理精神体系。明初理学官方化，成为八股取士的唯一学术根据。王阳明心学的形成标志着理学由客观唯心主义向主观唯心主义演变。;5．批判与继承：明清之际：进步思想家在继承传统儒学的基础上，着重对其弊病进行批判，提出“经世致用”和批判君主专制的主张，从而使儒学获得新生。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;3．唐朝：唐诗是唐朝文学的代表，代表人物有边塞诗人王昌龄、浪漫主义诗人李白、现实主义诗人杜甫。 4．宋代：宋代的文学以词为代表，豪放派词人有苏轼和辛弃疾，婉约派词人有李清照。;5．元代：散曲是元代兴起的新诗体，话本是元代的小说形式。 6．明清：章回体小说成为明清文学的主流，出现了四大奇书：《三国演义》《水浒传》《西游记》《红楼梦》，《聊斋志异》《儒林外史》等也很有影响。;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;2．书法 (1)阶段特点：自发阶段——魏晋以前，注重书法的实用功能；自觉阶段——审美功能超过实用功能。 (2)发展脉络：楷书——始于东汉，魏晋完善，唐代步入盛世；草书——起源于汉初，成熟于东晋；行书——东汉至西晋书体完全成熟。;3．绘画艺术 (1)魏晋以前：绘画艺术体现了劳动人民的审美情调，画风质朴。 (2)魏晋：士人群体的艺术追求体现在绘画上，出现了文人画，代表人物有顾恺之