明代徽州双籍进士考.doc

明代徽州双籍进士 宋长琨 户籍所在地system, the one is household registration, and another is residence registration. Household registration books the kind of Fuyi which a family undertaking, and residence registration books the place where the family inhabiting. Because of the horizontal flow of society, some Jinshies’ residences were not their ancestral homes, the kind of Jinshies is called Double Jiguan Jinshies; on the other hand, although some Jinshies had not removed their household registering places, but because they inhabiting in other regions for long times, and became actually Double Jiguan Jinshies. In the amount of 454 Huizhou Jinshies in Ming Dynasty, there were 165 people who had Double Jiguan, this figure surpassed one-third of the total number. The Double Jiguan Jinshes of Huizhou who Removed or inhabited in other regions, converged on the area where producing salt like Lianghuai and Liangzhe, commerce being prosperous like Jiangnan and Zhejiang, closing to the rivers or lakes like Changjiang, Dayunhe and Taihu. This regional distributing phenomenon is completely same as the contemporary Businessmen of Huizhou. Key Words: Double Jiguan Jinshi; Huizhou in Ming Dynasty; Household Registration; Residence Registration 引言 在明代，科举考试与赋役制度一样，是按照人的户籍所在地为依据的，一个学子要在户籍所在地报名参加考试，这个报名地点的限制，使得流寓、寄籍外地的人，不得回到原籍参加报名、考试，而只能在寄籍地报考。如崇祯四年进士韩如愈，其籍贯上说：“兴化籍，黟县人。” [1]这是说，他是直隶徽州府黟县人，但入了浙江衢州府兴化籍，乡贯在兴化，他的报名考试地点在兴化。这样，韩如愈就有了“两个籍贯”。象韩如愈这样有两个或两个以上籍贯的进士，被当代学者称作双籍进士。 明代双籍进士数量之多、分布之广，与明代商业经济的空前繁荣以及社会地域性水平流动的普遍加速，有着密不可分的关联。此种现象，已经引起学术界的关注，并取得了可喜的研究成果。沈登苗明代双籍进士的分布、流向与明代移民史通过对有明一代数以千计的、占进士总数十分之一强的双籍进士的历朝和地区分布的统计，以及这些进士祖籍的流动分析，明代的科举巩固边防，稳定政治，促进文化发展，增强民族凝聚力等方面所起的作用。籍贯一词，本义是指：籍，祖先户籍；贯，乡贯，如言某省某县某乡人。刘熙云：籍，籍也，所以籍疏人名户口也。 户籍总类 户籍具体分类 资料来源：朱保炯、谢沛霖：明清进士题名碑录索引，上海古籍出版社1963年版，编例。户籍所在地明代的籍是役籍，贯是乡贯朱保炯、谢沛霖明朝进士，籍贯有户籍、乡贯之分，户籍又有各种籍别。部分进士户籍、乡贯并有。明代的户籍可理解为今天的户口所在地。对于当时大多数人来讲，户口所在地往往同时也是祖居地、出生地，故一般意义上讲的明人的籍贯、地贯、本籍、地籍、贯址、贯（特定场合也包括乡贯），就是户籍，即户贴、黄册上登记的地址。明代的乡贯，系原籍、祖籍，即祖上原先居住占籍的地方。双籍进士的 （1）寄籍外地：因种种原因，侨居外地并入当地的籍贯。寄籍临时，虽加入侨居地户籍，可能随时