材控专业英语-4.Plastic_forming process and dies.ppt

4.9 Magnetic Forming 4.9 Magnetic Forming 芯轴 线圈电流 涡流 4.10 Hydrostatic Extrusion In the process, the billet is forced through the die by means of liquid pressure. At the die opening, on the exit, the pressure is lower than the extrusion pressure, so that a resultant force is exerted on the material by the liquid, forcing it to flow out through the die. 压头位移 推力 压头 模具 产品 4.10 Hydrostatic Extrusion * (3) Friction between the die and the rod. Whenever there is relative motion between two surfaces, there is resistance to this motion, and this resistance is called friction. The mechanics of friction are complex. （3）第三个变量为模具和坯料棒之间的摩擦。不论何时，这两个表面都存在相对运动，这种阻力成称为摩擦。摩擦机理很复杂。 Although the fundamentals of the phenomenon have been given much study, very little that is known would facilitate formulation of the exact functional relationship between friction and the other process variables. 尽管对于摩擦现象的基本原理已经进行了很多研究，但几乎没有摩擦和工艺变化量化的的精确关系。 4.4 Flow Through Conical Converging Dies The most common simplifying assumptions made with regard to the friction stress between the workpiece and the tool are the following: 通常对于工件和工具之间的摩擦应力关系采用如下简化假定： 1) Coulomb friction. It is assumed that the shear stress τ is proportional to the pressure p between the workpiece and the die. Then τ = μp， where the proportionality factor μ is called the Coulomb coefficient of friction, assumed constant for a given die, workpiece, and lubricant. （1）库伦摩擦。假定工件和模具间的剪切应力和压力成比正比。 τ = μp，比例系数μ 称之为库伦摩擦系数，对于给定的模具、工件和润滑剂假定为常数。 4.4 Flow Through Conical Converging Dies 2) Constant friction. It is assumed that the shear stress is proportional to the strength of the workpiece material. Then τ = mσ0/31/2, where the proportionality factor m is called the shear factor, with 0≤m≤1 assumed constant for a given die, workpiece, and lubricant. （2）恒定摩擦。假定剪切应力与工件材料强度成正比。此时， τ = mσ0/31/2 ，比例系数m 为剪切因子，对于给定的模具、工件和润滑剂假定0≤m≤1。 4.4 Flow Through Conical Converging Dies 3) hydrodynamic-hydrostatic-, and thick film lubrication. When a lubrican