杭州师范大学2016年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题综合英语.doc

杭 州 师 范 大 学 2016 年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题 考试科目代码： 724 考试科目名称： 综合英语 说明：考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。 I. Cloze（每小题1分，共30分） Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words (the first letter is given). Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKendrick has explored the Wedgwood firm’s remarkable (1) s_______ in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and children’s toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly (2) i______ doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives? And (3) w_______ were the effects of the new demand (4) f_______ luxuries? An answer (5) t_______ the first of these has (6) b_______ difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to (7) i_______ from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their (8) c_______ wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We will need to know how large this consumer market was and (9) h_______ far down the social scale the consumer for (10) l_______ goods penetrated. With (11) r_______ to this last question, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people (12) t_______ the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism (13) i_______ general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century England readily shifted (14) f_______ home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries. To answer the question of (15) w________ consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively unc