根系 叶子 与 种子 Roots_Leaves_Teacher.ppt

Dicot leaves Generalized Leaf Anatomy – Dicot Leaf Typical Monocot Leaf X-Section Corn, Sugar Cane Xylem Phloem Stoma Epidermis Vein Leaf Stomata: Allow Gas Exchange Stomata in Zebrina leaf epidermis Guard cells with chloroplasts Stoma Subsidiary cells Figure 1. Guard cell enriched extract used for cloning and analysis of phosphoinositide signaling genes. Figure 2. HIC promoter trap lines show guard cell specific GUS expression. The HIC gene is involved in controlling stomatal development in response to elevated CO2. Leaf surfaces are dotted with millions of stomata such as this one. This stomate is lined by two guard cells that control its aperture. Because control requires movement, and movement requires energy, these cells contain numerous mitochondria and chloroplasts (the little green photosynthetic factories that look a bit like brussel sprouts in this shot). Thus they are the only cells in the epidermis that are green. Guard Cells Monocot Seeds Monocot seeds have: Endosperm One cotyledon seed coat endosperm cotyledon coleoptile radicle Dicot Seeds Dicot seeds have: No endosperm at maturity Two cotyledons Seed coat First leaves Early root Cotyledon Development of Seeds Function of seed structures: Endosperm Nutrition for embryo Cotyledons Nutrition for embryo Overall, what is the function of a seed? Protects young embryo Provides nutrition for the developing embryo Allows dispersal of the embryo over time space Seed to Seedling * The body of a plant consists of a root system and a shoot system. Roots are the only type of plant organ in the root system. The shoot system contains stems and leaves, two other types of plant organs. The root system is connected to the shoot system by vascular tissues that extends from the roots to the leaves. Axillary buds can develop into branches of stems or flowers, the reproductive structures of a plant. * The shoot apical meristem within a terminal bud is surrounded by leaf primordia.