电子专业英语lesson10-Power Supplies.ppt

Unit Two Circuits Power Supplies 1. Information on Power Supplies There are many types of electrical and electronic power supplies, providing various alternating current and direct current voltages for equipment operation. DC voltages are needed for most electronic circuits, and generally an electronic power supply is considered as a device that converts AC into DC. The AC voltage from the power lines can be rectified directly or passed through an isolation transformer. Depending on the value of DC voltage needed, the transformer may be of either a step-up or step-down type. After the transformer, the AC is rectified into pulsating DC by diodes in the form of a half-wave rectifier, a full-wave rectifier, or a bridge (full-wave) rectifier. The pulsating DC is then filtered or smoothed out by capacitors, inductors, and resistors so as to produce a constant DC output. 2. Bridge (Full-Wave) Rectifier The bridge rectifier produces a full-wave DC output with the use of four diodes (as shown in Fig.2-5). When the positive half-cycle appears, the anode of diode 1 is positive and it conducts, and the cathode of diode 2 is negative and it conducts. Current flows from the AC source through diode 1, through RL, through diode 2, and back to the source. Diode 3 and 4 are reversed biased and no current flows through them. They appear as open circuits. On the negative half-cycle the anode of diode 4 is positive and it conducts, and the cathode of diode 3 is negative and it conducts. Current flows from AC source through diode 4, through RL, through diode 3, and back to the source. Diode 1 and diode 2 are reverse. Voltage output Uo is the peak voltage less two times the UF across the diodes (two diodes are conducting at a time): Uo=Upeak - 2UF Full-wave bridge rectifier modules containing four diodes in a single unit are commercially available. 3. Filtering Capacitors are used in power supplies to smooth out pulsating DC and to pr