研究生英语翻译讲义7.doc

名词从句的译法 1. 主语从句 A. 以从属连词或连词代词位于句首的主语从句翻译时语序一般不变。如： 例1. That a man could live for so many years alone in the mountains is really something unthinkable. 一个人能够单独在山里生活这么多年真是不可思议。 例2. That substances expand when heated and contract when cooled is a common physical phenomenon. 例3. What the students find most difficult in a foreign language is its idiomatic usage. 学生感到，一种外国语最困难的地方是它的习惯用法。 例4. What struck me most in this book was the author’s true-to-life description of the people’s life in that country. B. 以形式主语it引出的主语从句，翻译时有下述三种处理办法 （1）如主语从句较短，可提前与主句合译为“是”字结构。如： 例1. It is dangerous that you have a smattering of superficial knowledge on a subject. 对任何问题一知半解都是危险的。 例2. It is good news that our team has won the championship. （2）如主语从句较长，不宜与主句合译为汉语的“是”字结构，一般可译为并列分句或独立的句子，即现译从句，而在主句之前加“这”字译出。如： 例1. It is a matter of common experience that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air. 物体在水中比在空气中轻，这是一种大家共有的经验 例2. It is common sense that a liquid has no definite shape, but it has a definite volume. 例3. It was really a mystery to the neighbors that Mary, the ugly woman, could succeed in ordering about her husband, the strong-armed blacksmith, well known far and wide, and having him where she wanted him. 玛丽这个丑女人把丈夫——远近闻名，胳膊粗力气大的铁匠——指使得滴溜溜转，让他往东他不敢往西，这对他们的邻居来说，简直是个谜。 例4. It therefore becomes more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice. （3）以it作形式主语的谓语是被动语态的句子，一般宜转译为主动语态，可译为“据……”或补上泛指主语“有人”、“大家”、“人们”等，主语从句保留原文的语序。如： 例1. It is reported that the meeting will be held in June. 据报道，这个会将在六月间举行。 例2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well; but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会提出，无线电广播也同样能够做到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上，每个节目都显得更加生动，更加真实。 2. 宾语从句 A. 以从属连词或连接代词引起的宾语从句汉译时，语序一般不变。如： 例1. Some people, however, maintain that this is precisely where the danger lies. 可是，有些人则坚持认为，这恰恰是危险所在。 例2. This shows that something