第九讲 超短脉冲强度和相位测量.ppt

FROG geometries: Pros and Cons Second- harmonic generation Third- harmonic generation Transient- grating Polarization- gate Self- diffraction most sensitive; most accurate tightly focused beams useful for UV transient-grating experiments simple, intuitive, best scheme for amplified pulses useful for UV Generalized Projections with an Arbitrary Medium Response DeLong, et al., Opt. Lett. 20, 486 (1995). Single-shot FROG Single-Shot Polarization-Gate FROG Kane and Trebino, Opt. Lett., 18, 823 (1993). This eliminates the need for a bulky expensive spectrometer as well as the need to align the beam through a tiny entrance slit (which would involve three sensitive alignment parameters)! We can use the focus of the beam in the nonlinear medium as the entrance slit for a home-made imaging spectrometer (in multi-shot and single-shot FROG measurements). FROG allows a very simple imaging spectrometer. Pulses from first half of FROG Collimating Lens Camera or Linear Detector Array Grating Imaging Lens Nonlinear Medium Signal pulse When a known reference pulse is available: Cross-correlation FROG (XFROG) The XFROG trace (a spectrogram): Unknown pulse Camera E(t) Eg(t–t) SFG crystal Lens Known pulse If a known pulse is available (it need not be shorter), then it can be used to fully measure the unknown pulse. In this case, we perform sum-frequency generation, and measure the spectrum vs. delay. Spectro- meter XFROG completely determines the intensity and phase of the unknown pulse, provided that the gate pulse is not too long or too short. If a reasonable known pulse exists, use XFROG, not FROG. Linden, et al., Opt. Lett., 24, 569 (1999). XFROG example: Ultrabroadband Continuum Ultrabroadband continuum was created by propagating 1-nJ, 800-nm, 30-fs pulses through 16 cm of Lucent microstructure fiber. The 800-nm pulse was measured with FROG, so it made an ideal known gate pulse. This pulse has a time-bandwidth product of ~ 4000, and is the most complex ultrashort pulse ever m