我国西部体能类竞技运动人才优势的理论研究.docVIP

我国西部体能类竞技运动人才优势的理论研究 　　Theoretical Research on Talent Advantage of Physical Movement in the West of China 　　Han Pengwei 　　（西安体育学院，西安 710068） 　　（Xi′an Physical Education University，Xi′an 710068，China） 　　 　　摘要：采用专家访问调查法、文献资料法、逻辑方法，运用进化论等进行分析。主要结论：不同人种由于长期劳动方式、饮食结构等方面的不同，长期进化的结果：黑种人四肢与躯干的比值高，在跑、跳类体能主导类项目中具有优势，白种人运动系统所占人体比重大，在力量要求高的体能主导类项目中具有优势；我国西部一些人群的劳动方式与黑种人相同，饮食结构与白种人相同，人类学特征也相同，在体能类项目中也具有优势；我国西部地区民族众多，不同民族的通婚，其后代的体质具有遗传优势；我国西部地区高原分布广，自然条件优越，有发展体能类耐力性项目的优势。 　　Abstract:In this article we take different research methods including interviewing method, literature review and logic means. Finding indicate as following ：1. due to different labor manners and dietary structure, the ratio of limbs to trunk of Black people is much higher than other people, it means that black people hold an advantage in running and jumping related fitness items ; But the ratio of motor system to the whole body system of white people is so higher than other people, it leads to white peoples fitness which need consume energy is better than others; 2. labor manners in Chinese western regions are similar to Black people, however, dietary structure and human characteristics is equivalent to white people, we consider than our western people have some advantage in physical fitness; 3. in western regions, there exist a lot of ethnic groups, they intermarry each other, a strong physical fitness will be passed to next generations. 4. our western regions lies in plateau section, endurace related fitness will be developed much better under such natural conditions. 　　关键词：进化论 体能项目 饮食结构 运动系统 消化系统 运动员选材 　　Key words: the theory of evolution；physical fitness；dietary structure；motor system；digestive system；selection of athletes 　　中图分类号：G80 文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-4311（2011）20-0255-02 　　0引言 　　我国已跨入奥运三强，但运动项目发展不均衡。历届奥运会所获奖牌主要分布在技能主导类运动项目。中国体育代表团在2000年27届悉尼奥运会上共获奖牌59枚，其中技能主导类项目所获奖牌占奖牌总数的86.4%，体能主导类项目仅占13.6%[1}。为了进一步提高我国竞技体育的综合实力，悉尼奥运会后，国家体育总局根据奥运会田径、游泳和水上运动项目共设置119枚金牌（29届北京奥运会田径增加1枚、游泳增加2枚，共122枚），提出了“119工程”。田