第二讲：语法(一).ppt

第二讲;Grammar Structure;A is not+形容词比较级+than+BA不如B;A is no + 形容词比较级+than+BA和B都不（否定两者）; Comparative structures;as…as… 结构;;;a. “more…than” vs. more than; not so…as不如，不像 He is not so tall as Tom.This cake is not so delicious as that one. as…as 中间用形容词或副词的原级，用于肯定句。和....一样... 如：The city here is as clean as that one. not so/as...as中间也是用原级，意思一样，用于否定句。“和...不一样...” 如：The people here is not so friendly as there. ; not cleverer than Jack is not as clever as Tom less clever than;not so much…as 与其说是… 不如说是… It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality． 我所喜欢的，与其说是他的外表，不如说是他的个性。 (no) such+（determiner）NP+as 表示举例 There is no such thing as a ghost. such 作为后位限定词，放在中限定词no，a的后面 只有当such 和a /an同时出现的时候，成为前限定词，such a/an， 另外，不同时出现两个中限定词，就是 no, 和 a 都是中限定词，不同时出现, no=not a ; not so much…as…与not so…as…的区别 从形式上看not so much…as…与not so…as…的结构基本相同,但两者在意义上和用法上都存在着很大的差别,下面对此加以说明: 在意义上,not so much…as…结构表示选择比较,常常译为“与其说……不如说·……” (1) He is not so much a writer as a reporter. 他与其说是位作家,不如说是位记者。 (2) Her success was not so much by chance as by diligence. 她的成功与其说由于机遇不如说是由于勤奋。 而not so …as…结构表示否定的同等比较.常常译为“不像……那样……”。 (1) It is not so hot in Beijing as in Wuhan. 北京不象武汉那样热。 (2) He is not so tall as you. 他没有你那样高。 ; 在用法上, not so much…as…结构中, so不能换作as, much必须紧跟在so后面,且不能省略, much和as后面是两个相互平行的结构,比如名词、形容词。 例如：He was not so much angry as disappointed. 而not so …as中，so可与as互换，so后可跟形容词、副词原级，不跟名词。 e.g. Today the classroom is not so ___ as usual. A. clean B. cleaner C. much cleaner D. cleanest We should say Jimmy is not ___much a writer as a reporter. A. this B. that C. as D. so ;c.“not more/ -er…than” vs. “no more/-er…than”;“would sooner (rather)...than”,“ would as soon...as” “宁愿……也不”;“no sooner...than”,“hardly...when”和“scarcely... before” ;prior, superior, inferior, senior 和junior 表示比较时后面用