等差数列的性质与应用.doc

摘要: 等差数列是中学数学的一项重要内容，而且是进行计算，推理等基本训练，综合训练的重要课题，它与高等数学有较为密切的联系，是进一步学习的必备基础知识，因而是高考命题的热点之一。本文就等差数列的一系列性质进行了分类归纳总结，针对所归纳的性质列举出相应的例题，通过这些典型例题说明它们在有关方面的应用，便于加强学生对等差数列的性质的理解和应用，并准确把握概念和公式，灵活运用这些性质去解题，简化解题过程，提高解题速度，收到事半功倍的效果。 关键词: 等差数列；性质；应用 Abstract: The Arithmetic series is an important contents of mathematics of the high school, and is to carry on the calculation, reasonning logically the basic training of etc., the important topic of the comprehensive training, it has with high etc. mathematics to compare to contact closely,is the essential foundation knowledge of the further study,as a result is high to test to set question a little bit hot of a.This text carries on the classification to induce the summary for a series of property of the Arithmetic series , aim at induce of property enumerate an a for correspond of, pass an of these typical models explains them in the parties concerned of application, easy to the comprehension and applications of the property that strengthen the on an equal footing bad few row of student, and accurate confidence concept and formula, use flexibly these properties to solve, a process of the simplification solution, a speed of the exaltation solution, the result that receive the half effort and double results. Key Words: Arithmetic series;Quality;Uses 1引言与基本知识 等差数列是现行中学数学教学教材的重要内容之一,也是高等数学的基本知识,因而是高考的热点之一,众所周知的是:若是等差数列，公差为，则它的通项公式为: ,前n项和公式为:或.本文把通过对上述公式进行深入探讨后得到的一系列等差数列性质进行分类归纳，具有一定的教学价值. 2 主要结果 2.1 等差数列的一些充分条件 2.1.1 若等差数列,项数相同（或均无限）,且公差为分别为与 ,则仍构成等差数列，且公差为（m，k均为常数）. 2.1.2 若是等差数列且公差为,则仍构成等差数列,公差为（k≠0，k,b是常数）. 2.1.3 若是等差数列且公差为，则仍构成等差数列，公差为（k是常数，k∈N+ ）. 2.1.4 若是等差数列且公差为，每间m项的项仍构成等差数列且公差为 (其中m∈N+ ）. 2.1.5 若是无穷等差数列且公差为，从首项起每连续k项的和，，,… 仍构成等差数列，公差为（k∈N+）. 2.1.6 若是无穷等差数列且公差为，从中某项开始每隔m项连续取k项的和，按原顺序仍构成等差数列且公差为 (其中m, k ∈N+）. 例1 已知，，成等差数列且，求证，，仍为等差数列. 证明 由已知,,成等差数列，根据性质2.1.2有, , 也成等差数列. 即，，成等差数列，故每项都除得： ，，成等差数列. 例2 若等差数列的公差为d，已知对任何数k都有,求首项与公差的关系. 解 由2.1.6知构成公差为12d的等差数列， = 又由性质2.1.4知,构成公差为4d的等差数列，再由性质2.1.2知构成公差为4kd的等差数列则 ，从而: = + = + 又由题中知，对