美国文学12 Ernest Hemingway海明威.ppt

This code typically involves several traits for the Code Hero: (1) Measuring himself against the difficulties life throws in his way, realizing that we will all lose ultimately because we are mortals, but playing the game honestly and passionately in spite of that knowledge. (2) Facing death with dignity, enduring physical and emotional pain in silence (3) Never showing emotions (4) Maintaining free-will and individualism, never weakly allowing commitment to a single woman or social convention to prevent adventure, travel, and acts of bravery (5) Being completely honest, keeping ones word or promise (6) Being courageous and brave, daring to travel and have beautiful adventures, as Hemingway would phrase it (7) Admitting the truth of Nada (Spanish, nothing), i.e., that no external source outside of oneself can provide meaning or purpose. This existential awareness also involves facing death without hope of an afterlife, which the Hemingway Code Hero considers more brave than cowering behind false religious hopes. Themes A central theme in Hemingways work is “grace under pressure” ---how the individual fits into society, and how one should live in what often seems to be a crazy and difficult world. This issue is explored in many of Hemingways early short stories that focus on Nick Adams, Hemingways young alter ego. Omnipresent violence is a fact of existence, according to Hemingway. In much of Hemingways fiction, as in “The Killers”, violence impinges [have an negative effect] on everyday existence and leaves everything altered. Some stories in Men Without Women treat the anguish of human sexual relations as in Hills Like White Elephants . Other stories explore the hollowness of religious consolation as in A Clean, Well-Lighted Place and the meaninglessness of human life, male camaraderie [mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together], and the inevitability of death as in The Killers. The Iceberg Principle “I always try to writ