动词不定式的用法讲与练.docVIP

动词不定式的用法讲与练 陕西省宝鸡市陈仓区中学 张广来 ???? ????动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，它的基本形式是“ to + 动词原形”，有时可以不带 to 。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。动词不定式又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。 ????1. 作主语 ????To choose time is to save time. ????选择时间就等于节约时间。 ????To go swimming in the sea is great fun. ????在大海里游泳很痛快。 ????To know something about English is one thing; to use English is another thing. ????知道一些英语是一回事；使用英语又是另一回事。 ????在现代英语中，特别是在口语中，常常把 it 置于句首，作形式主语，而把作实际主语的动词不定式置于句子的末尾。例如： ????Is it necessary to keep the brushes in water? ????这些刷子需要泡在水里吗？ ????Its not easy to remember all these words in an hour. ????在一个小时内记住所有这些单词可不容易。 ????Sometimes it is impossible to understand. ????有时简直听不懂。 ????2. 作宾语 ????动词不定式可在有些动词后面作宾语，能这样用的词有 afford, agree, ask, begin, choose, decide, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, start, want, wish 等。例如： ????He wanted to study physics and do research. ????他想学习物理并做研究工作。 ????Although it was expensive, we decided to buy it. ????虽然它很贵，我们还是决定买它。 ????I hope to hear from you as soon as possible. ????我希望尽快收到你的来信。 ????We agreed to start early. ????我们同意早点出发。 ????3. 作宾语补足语 ????在有些动词后面的复合宾语中，动词不定式作宾语补足语有带 to 和不带 to 两种情况。 ????（ 1 ）在 tell, want, ask, expect, advise, invite, allow, encourage 等动词后要用带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： ????Ill ask them to be quiet. ????我要他们安静些。 ????They warned me not to be late. ????他们告戒我不要迟到。 ????He told me not to be afraid of difficulties. ????他告诉我不要怕困难。 ????He persuaded all the world-famous pop stars to come and sing at one of these concerts for free. ????他说服了所有举世闻名的流行歌星来参加其中一个演唱会作义务演出。 ????（ 2 ）在 feel, hear, notice, observe, see, smell, feel, watch, listen to, look at, have, let, make 等感官动词和使役动词后要用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语。例如： ????I could not make them understand me. ????我无法使他们理解我。 ????I felt someone touch me on the shoulder. ????我感觉到有人碰了一下我的肩膀。 ????I heard him say so. ????我听到过他这么说的。 ????I will have the boy mail the letter this afternoon. ????我要叫那个男孩今天下午把信发出去。 ????但当 see, no