翻译实习(国外英语资料).doc

翻译实习(国外英语资料) Translation practice Foreign Language Institute, English Minor Student name Student numberTutor Direct and indirect translation: a comparison of communication styles between Egyptian Arabic and American English Title / page number International, Journal, of, Intercultural, Relations / PP.39-57 Date 2010/9/272010/10/18 Direct and indirect: a comparison of communication styles between Egyptian Arabic and American English Authors: Gail, L Nielsen, Mohamed Al Baatar, Waguida Al Bakari British 041 1. ways of communication Communication is not easy to define. Goodey and Ding Kuenster Takumi (1988) defines it as how to accept and understand the information language information in the context of the individual (page 100th). The degree of direct or indirect degree has been confirmed and studied and used to describe a level of differences between Arabic and English speakers. Direct or indirect degree refers to the direct exchange by expressing the speakers intention of (Goodey Kunst and Takumi Ding 1988, page 100th.). Direct communication, clear expression of personal feelings, hopes and needs; the speaker is straight from the heart. On the other hand, indirect means conversation implied the camouflage and hide speaker real intentions, hopes, needs and goals of information (page 100th). Study on Arabia communication literature pointed out that: the way of communication is one of the defining characteristics (e.g., Cohen, 1987, 1990; 1997; Goodey Kuenster for Harry, and Carrel, 1988; Ding Takumi, 1986; Sahana, 1995) is indirect. Holzers high and low context culture model has a deep influence on the study of communication style in Arabia. According to Holzers theory, most of the meaning of communication or information in a high context is communicated by the actual context or internalized by the communicator, and only a small part of it is encoded, extrinsic, and transitive. In contrast, in a low context environment, much of the information is