英语专业【词汇学】课件：V. word formation 1.ppt

V. Word formation A) to understand word meanings more deeply and comprehensively. –ard: some sort of derogatory meaning: sluggard, 行动迟缓的人、车辆等；懒汉 Slug: 1) 重击；(old English: slean, slay: beat, strike) 2）偷懒，（古）慢慢地移动 (ME. Slugge) Sluggish slugabed slugfest -fest: (表示‘集会、联欢会、竞赛会‘等） talkfest 长时间的讨论，漫谈会 songfest Festa (Italian: 节日、宴会） festal 节日的、喜庆的 slugging重击、强击 Laggard Lag bastard, drunkard, coward (Italian cauda, meaning tail, so the word originally may possibly mean (dog) with his tail between his leg) B) to enlarge our vocabulary: infamy: in- = not -fam- (report) -y (n. suffix )表示性质等 臭名、臭名昭著等 Infamous 臭名昭著 的 Infamize 使臭名昭著 Defame 诽谤、中伤 defamation Defamatory 诽谤的、中伤的 Stue-: 1) push→ figuratively into English → Study: push forward with one’s knowledge → Student: one who pushes forward with his knowledge → Studious: hard-working → Studio: a place of study 2) knock → figuratively into English → stupor: the state of being unable to think or use one’s senses 昏迷; 恍惚 → stuporous → Stupefy: to make unable to think or feel (to knock senseless or stun) 使麻木、使目瞪口呆 → Stupefaction麻木、惊愕 → stupefactive → stupid: to be stunned; to be amazed 麻木的→无知觉的→呆头呆脑的→愚蠢的 Stupid student Stupidity C) It helps us to improve our ability to make words and use words more vividly: George Bernard Shaw: Germany was outwitted, outprepared, outgeneralled, outfought, outflown, outgassed, outtanked, outraided, outbombed, and finally brought to her knees. (德国计穷了， 装备穷了， 策略穷了， 战斗穷了， 飞机穷了， 汽油穷了， 坦克穷了， 攻击穷了， 炸弹穷了，终于屈膝而投降。） 5.1 Derivation Make new words by adding affixes to a root or by putting different bound roots together. Words created in this way are called as derivatives. Roots, prefixes and suffixes are the three keys to the increasing of vocabulary. 5.1.1 roots: ac(ere)→ needle; sharp acid- acu- acer- aciculum 针状物 acicular 针状的 acicu